Thyroid ke Laxan: Hypothyroidism aur Hyperthyroidism ko Kaise Pehchaane – Complete Guide

Thyroid ek chhoti si lekin bahut hi mahatvapurna granthi (gland) hai jo hamare gardan ke samne wale hisson mein hoti hai. Yeh ek butterfly ke shape ki hoti hai aur yeh hormones banati hai jo sharir ke metabolism, energy level, heart rate, aur digestion jaise kai important functions ko control karti hai. Thyroid gland do pramukh hormones banati hai – T3 (Triiodothyronine) aur T4 (Thyroxine) – jo sharir ke kai angon ke kaam karne ka tarika tay karte hain

Aaj ke daur mein thyroid se judi samasyaayein jaise hypothyroidism (kam hormone banana), hyperthyroidism (zyada hormone banana), aur goiter (thyroid ka sujan) tezi se badh rahi hain. Visheshkar mahilaon mein yeh samasya zyada dekhi ja rahi hai. Har saal lakhon log isse prabhavit ho rahe hain, lekin kai baar log iske lakshan ko nazarandaz kar dete hain ya galat samajh lete hain, jiska asar unke swasthya par padta hai.

Is blog ka mukhya uddeshya hai aapko thyroid se judi samasyaon ke lakshan ke baare mein jaankari dena, taaki aap samay par unhe pehchaan kar upchar le sakein. Hum yahaan thyroid ke pramukh lakshan, unka asar, aur kab doctor se milna chahiye – in sabhi pe vistar se charcha karenge. Sahi jaankari aur samay par upchar se aap apne jeevan ko behtar bana sakte hain.

Thyroid vikar ke Prakaar

Thyroid se judi do main pareshaniyan hoti hain, jinhe hum aasan bhasha mein samjhte hain:

1. Kam Thayroid (Hypothyroidism – Haipotaraydism)

Kam thayroid ka matlab hai ki aapki thyroid granthi kaafi matra mein thyroid hormone nahi bana pa rahi hai. Yeh hormone aapke shareer ko dheeme kar dete hain, jisse kai sari pareshaniyan ho sakti hain, jaise:

• Thackavat aur Kamjori: Aap hamesha thaka hua mehsooz kar sakte hain, aur cheezein karne ke liye energy nahi ho paegi.
• Vajan Badhna: Aapka metabolism dheema ho जाता hai, jiska matlab hai ki aap kam calorie jala paenge aur vazan badh sakta hai.
• Jukham Lagna: Aap zyada thand mehsoos kar sakte hain aur aapko sardi bhi zyada lag sakti hai.
• Depression: Aap udaas ya chidchire hue mehsoos kar sakte hain.
• Kabz: Pet saaf na hona.
• Twacha aur Balon mein Badlav: Aapki twacha rukhi ho sakti hai aur aapke baal jhad sakte hain.
• Maanspeshion mein Dard aur Jakdan: Aapki maanspeshiyaan kamzor aur jakdi hui mehsoos ho sakti hain.
• Periods mein animiyata (Mahilaon ke liye): Aapke periods aniyamit ho sakte hain ya band bhi ho sakte hain.

2. Ati Thayroid (Hyperthyroidism – Haiperthayraydism)

Ati thaayroid ka matlab hai ki aapki thyroid granthi bahut zyada matra mein thyroid hormone bana rahi hai. Yeh hormone aapke shareer ko bahut tez गति se chalate hain, jisse yeh pareshaniyan ho sakti hain:

• Ghabrahat aur Becheni: Aap ghabrahaya hua, bechain aur chidchira hua mehsoos kar sakte hain.
• Vajan Ghatna) Aapka metabolism bahut tez ho jata hai, jiska matlab hai ki aap bahut jaldi calorie jala paenge, jisse vazan kam ho sakta hai, bhale hi aap zyada khaen.
• Hamesha Garmi Lagna: Aap hamesha garm mehsoos kar sakte hain aur pasina zyada aa sakta hai.
• Dil ki Dharakan Badhna: Aapka dil bahut tez gati se dhadak sakta hai.
• Haathon ka Kaampa (Haath Kaapna): Aapke haath kaamp sakte hain.
• Nind mein pareshani
• Patle Baal Hona
• Aankhon ka Bahar Nikalna ( kuch mamlon mein)

Agar aapko thyroid se jude yeh lakshan dikhte hain, to doctor se zaroor baat karein. Woh blood test kar ke pata लगा sakte hain ki aapka thyroid sahi se kaam kar raha hai ya nahi, aur fir ilaj ki salaah denge.

Thyroid ke Laxanon ko Kaise Pehchaane

Thyroid ke laxanon ko pehchaanna bahut zaroori hai, kyunki samay par diagnosis se behtar upchaar sambhav ho sakta hai. Thyroid disorders do prakaar ke hote hain – hypothyroidism (kam thyroid) aur hyperthyroidism (jyada thyroid), jinke alag-alag laxan hote hain.

Hypothyroidism (Kam Thyroid) ke Laxan

• Hamesha thakaan aur kamzori mehsoos hona
• Vajan ka badhna
• Sardi ke prati adhik sensitive hona
• Tvachaa mein sookhapan aur khujli
• Jodo mein dard aur maanspeishiyon mein akadan
• Baalo ka adhik jhadna
• Kabz rehna
• Dil ki dhadkan ka dheema hona
• Depression ya avsaad
• Baar-baar bhoolna aur sochne-samajhne mein asamarthata
• Cholesterol ka star badhna

Hyperthyroidism (Jyada Thyroid) ke Laxan

• Vajan ka ghatna
• Dil ki dhadkan badhna
• Haathon ka kaampna
• Adhik pasina aana
• Chidhchidaapan aur anxiety
• Anidra (neend na aana
• Baalo ka patla hona aur jhadna
• Maanspeishiyon mein kamzori aur dard
• Atydhik bhookh lagna
• Mahilaon mein masik dharm ki aniyamitata

Kaunse Laxan Emergency ke Hain

Thyroid storm (thyroid ka gambhir sankat) ek medical emergency hai jisme turant doctor ki madad leni chahiye. Iske laxan hain:

• Bahut tez bukhar (40°C/104°F se adhik)
• Dil ki tez aur irregular dhadkan
• Blood pressure ka badhna
• Ulti aur dast
• Mental status mein parivartan, confusion ya behoshi
• Peeliya (jaundice)
• Dil ka daura (heart attack)

Kab Doctor ke Paas Jaana Chahiye

Aapko doctor ke paas jaana chahiye jab:

• Thyroid ke laxan lagaatar bane rahen aur treatment ke baad bhi theek na hon
• Gale mein koi gaanth ya soojan dikhe
• Thyroid gland ka badhna (goiter)
• Pregnancy ke dauran ya pregnancy ki planning kar rahe hon
• Vajan mein achanak badlaav ho
• Energy levels mein kaafi badlaav ho
• Gale mein dard ho, visheshkar paani peete samay

Kis Doctor ko Dikhana Chahiye

• Shuruat mein general physician se consult karein
• Complex cases ke liye endocrinologist (hormone specialist) se milein
• Gale mein soojan ya awaaz mein badlaav ke liye ENT specialist
• Thyroid cancer ke liye oncologist
• Surgery ki zaroorat hone par surgeon

Self-Assessment Kaise Karein

Thyroid ki self-assessment ke liye aap ye tarike apna sakte hain:

1. Gale ki Self-Examination

• Ek mirror ke saamne khade ho jayein
• Apna sir thoda peeche ki taraf jhukayein, chin ko ceiling ki taraf point karein
• Paani ka ek ghoonth lein aur nigalein
• Nigalte samay apne gale ke nichle hisse ko dekhein, koi ubhaar ya asaamanyata ke liye
• Thyroid area ko halke se touch karke koi gaanth ya soojan mehsoos karein

2. Laxanon ki Monitoring

• Vajan mein achanak badlaav (badhna ya ghatna
• Thakaan aur energy levels
• Baal jhadna ya tvachaa mein badlaav
• Mood swings aur depression
• Body temperature (hypothyroidism mein 97°F/36.1°C se kam ho sakta hai

3. At-Home Thyroid Tests

Kuch at-home thyroid tests bhi available hain jo aapke blood mein thyroid hormone levels (TSH, T3, T4) ko measure kar sakte hain

Yaad rakhein, self-assessment sirf shuruat hai. Agar aapko koi bhi laxan dikhe, to doctor se zaroor milein kyunki accurate diagnosis ke liye professional blood tests aur medical evaluation zaroori hai

Thyroid Test aur Diagnosis

Thyroid tests blood tests hote hain jo thyroid gland ke function ko evaluate karne ke liye use kiye jaate hain. Thyroid gland, jo neck ke base par located hoti hai, metabolism, energy levels, aur overall body functions ko regulate karne wale hormones produce karti hai[1].

Thyroid Function Tests Kya Hote Hain

Thyroid function tests mein primarily blood tests shamil hote hain jo thyroid hormones aur related substances ke levels ko measure karte hain:

• TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) Test: Yeh usually pehla test hota hai jo doctor order karte hain. Yeh determine karta hai ki thyroid gland pituitary gland ke signals ko kitni achhi tarah respond kar rahi hai
• T3 (Triiodothyronine) Test: Yeh active thyroid hormone ko measure karta hai jo metabolism ko influence karta hai
• T4 (Thyroxine) Test: Yeh primary thyroid hormone ke level ko measure karta hai
• Thyroid Antibody Tests: Yeh anti-TPO (thyroid peroxidase antibody) jaise antibodies ko detect karta hai, jo autoimmune thyroid diseases ko diagnose karne mein help karta hai

Imaging tests mein shamil hain:

• Ultrasound exam: Yeh thyroid gland ki abnormal enlargement ya nodules ko detect karne ke liye kiya jata hai
• Thyroid scans: Radioactive iodine ya technetium ka use karke thyroid function ki abnormality ka cause determine kiya jata hai

TSH, T3, T4 Tests Ke Baare Mein Jaankari

TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone):

• Pituitary gland dwara produce kiya jata hai
• Thyroid ko T3 aur T4 hormones release karne ke liye stimulate karta hai
• Normal range: 0.4 to 4.0 mU/L
• High TSH level hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) ko indicate karta hai
• Low TSH level hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) ko indicate karta hai

T4 (Thyroxine):

• Thyroid gland dwara produce kiya jata hai
• Normal range (Free T4): 0.8 to 1.8 ng/dL
• T4 blood mein bound aur free forms mein exist karta hai

T3 (Triiodothyronine):

• Thyroid gland dwara produce kiya jata hai
• Normal range (Free T3): 2.3 to 4.1 pg/mL
• Primarily hyperthyroidism diagnose karne ke liye use kiya jata hai
• Thyroid disease treatment ko monitor karne mein bhi help karta hai

Test Ke Liye Taiyari

Thyroid tests ke liye generally fasting ki zarurat nahi hoti, lekin kuch specific cases mein doctor fasting ya specific time par test ki advice de sakte hain:

• Fasting: Zyaadatar cases mein thyroid test ke liye fasting ki zarurat nahi hoti, making them convenient for patients
• Morning Testing: TSH levels din bhar naturally vary kar sakte hain, isliye morning testing often preferred hoti hai
• Medications: Thyroid supplements ya biotin containing multivitamins results ko interfere kar sakte hain. Test se kuch hours pehle inse bachna chahiye
• Biotin Supplements: Biotin, jo hair aur nail supplements mein common hota hai, thyroid test results ko skew kar sakta hai. Test se kam se kam 48 hours pehle ise discontinue karna chahiye
• Hydration: Test se pehle paani peena chahiye, as hydration helps with blood sample collection

Thyroid Ke Upchaar Ke Tarike

Medication Options

Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid) Ke Liye:

• Levothyroxine: Daily hormone replacement tablets jo thyroxine hormone ko replace karte hain
• Treatment lifelong hota hai, aur dose adjust karne ke liye regular blood tests ki zarurat hoti hai
• Levothyroxine ko har din same time par, empty stomach par paani ke saath lena chahiye, aur 30 minutes tak kuch nahi khana chahiye

Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid) Ke Liye:

• Antithyroid Drugs (ATD): Carbimazole (CMZ) aur Propylthiouracil (PTU) jaise medicines thyroid hormones ke production ko block karte hain
• Propranolol: Initial few weeks mein adrenergic effects ko block karne ke liye use kiya jata hai
• Radioactive Iodine (RAI) Therapy: Thyroid cells ko destroy karne ke liye use kiya jata hai
• Surgery: Kuch cases mein thyroid gland ko remove karne ki zarurat ho sakti hai

Diet Aur Lifestyle Changes

Thyroid health ko support karne ke liye lifestyle changes:

• Right Foods: Iodine-rich foods jaise seafood, dairy, aur iodized salt; selenium-rich foods jaise nuts, whole grains, aur lean meats
• Regular Exercise: Metabolism boost karne aur thyroid function ko optimize karne ke liye regular physical activity important hai
• Stress Management: Deep breathing, meditation, ya yoga jaise stress-reduction techniques thyroid health ke liye beneficial hote hain
• Quality Sleep: 7-9 hours ki quality sleep thyroid health ke liye important hai
• Hydration: Metabolism aur thyroid hormone conversion ko support karne ke liye adequate hydration zaroori hai
• Processed Foods Aur Sugar Limit: Processed foods aur excessive sugar thyroid function ko negatively impact kar sakte hain

Natural Remedies

Thyroid health ke liye exercises aur natural approaches:

• Aerobic Exercises: Brisk walking, jogging, cycling, aur swimming heart health, metabolism, aur weight management ko enhance karte hain
• Yoga: Stress reduce karta hai aur certain poses jaise shoulder stand, fish pose, aur plow pose thyroid function ko positively impact kar sakte hain
• Strength Training: Muscle mass build karne, metabolism boost karne, aur weight management support karne ke liye resistance training beneficial hai
• Mindful Breathing: Deep breathing exercises (pranayama) stress reduce karne mein help karte hain, jo thyroid health ke liye beneficial hai

Conclusion

Thyroid disorders ke symptoms subtle ho sakte hain ya easily dusri conditions se confuse ho sakte hain, making routine screening imperative for accurate diagnosis. Hypothyroidism ke symptoms mein fatigue, weight gain, depression, aur hair loss shamil hain, jabki hyperthyroidism irritability, weight loss, insomnia, aur accelerated heart rate ke saath manifest hota hai

Early Diagnosis Ke Fayde

Early detection through routine screening thyroid conditions ko manage karne mein game-changer hai. Timely diagnosis healthcare professionals ko interventions implement karne ki anumati deti hai jo thyroid disorders ke progression ko prevent kar sakti hai aur complications ko minimize kar sakti hai. Pregnant women ke liye early detection vital hai, kyunki pregnancy ke dauran thyroid dysfunction fetal development ko impact kar sakta hai aur complications lead kar sakta hai

Regular Check-up Ki Salah

Regular thyroid check-ups essential hain, especially for high-risk individuals:

• Family History: Thyroid disease ya autoimmune conditions ke family history wale logon ko regular check-ups karane chahiye
• Women Over 35: Hormonal changes ki wajah se women, especially 50 years se upar, thyroid conditions ke liye more susceptible hoti hain
• Medical History: Diabetes, autoimmune diseases ya radiation exposure ke past history wale patients ko more frequently check kiya jana chahiye
• Symptoms Wale Log: Fatigue, weight changes, ya mood swings jaise minor symptoms bhi thyroid activity se connected ho sakte hain

Regular thyroid check-ups early detection ensure karte hain, jisse treatment outcomes improve hote hain aur long-term burden patients aur healthcare systems dono par reduce hota hai. Thyroid Awareness Month initiative ke through, GlobalData emphasizes ki routine screenings aur early intervention se patient care aur outcomes transform ho sakte hain