Dialysis ek medical process hai jo kidney failure ke patients ke liye life-saving hoti hai. Agar aapke kidneys sahi se kaam nahi kar rahe hain, toh aapke blood mein waste products aur excess fluids accumulate ho sakte hain. Yeh potentially fatal conditions ke risk ko badhata hai. Isliye, dialysis jaruri hai taki ye waste products aur fluids ko body se filter aur remove kiya ja sake.
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Dialysis Kya Hai?
Dialysis ek medical treatment hai jismein artificial process ka use karke aapke blood se waste products aur excess fluids ko filter aur remove kiya jaata hai. Yeh process kidneys ke kaam ka role fulfill karta hai jab woh sahi se operate nahi kar rahe hote.
Soch lo kidneys normal haalat mein kaise kaam karte hain – woh blood se waste aur excess fluids filter karke unhe body se bahar nikal dete hain. Lekin jab kidneys nahi kaam kar rahe hote, toh ye waste accumulate hone lagte hain aur aapke health par negative impact daalte hain.
Yahi stage hota hai jab aapko dialysis ki need padti hai – yeh artificial process blood ko filter karta hai aur waste products remove karta hai. Dialysis na karne par, waste buildup ke complications bahut serious ho sakte hain aur potentially life-threatening bhi.
Kidneys Ka Kaam Kyun Zaroori Hai?
Kidneys do bean-shaped organs hain jo lower back area mein locate hote hain. Ye bahut important kaam karte hain jo hamare body ke proper functioning ke liye zaroori hote hain:
- Blood filtration – Kidneys blood se waste products, excess water, aur toxins remove karte hain
- Electrolyte balance – Woh body ke electrolytes jaisa ki sodium, potassium ka level maintain karte hain
- Red blood cell production – Kidneys hormones produce karti hain jo red blood cell ke banaane mein help karti hain
- Bone health – Kidneys calcium aur vitamin D levels ko bhi regulate karte hain
- Blood pressure regulation – Ye blood pressure ko stable rakhne mein bhi help karti hain
Jab kidneys sahi se nahi kaam kar rahe hote toh poora body hi affected ho jaata hai. Dialysis ki zarurat is situation mein padti hai taki kidneys ka kaam artificially kiya ja sake.
Kidney Failure Kya Hai Aur Iske Causes?
Kidney failure ek condition hai jisme kidneys dhire-dhire apna kaam karna band kar deti hain. Isse parinaam ye hota hai ki toxins, fluids aur waste products body se remove nahi ho paate. Ye situation “end-stage renal disease (ESRD)” ke naam se jaani jaati hai.
Kidney failure ke kuch main causes ye hain:
- Diabetes
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- Glomerulonephritis (kidneys ke filter units ka inflammation)
- Polycystic kidney disease (inherited genetic condition)
- Chronic kidney infections ya UTIs
- Kidney stones ya injuries
Kai baar kidney failure sudden nahi hoti, balki gradually high blood pressure, diabetes jaisi conditions se develop hoti hai. Isliye in conditions ko control karna zaroori hai taki kidney damage ko rokaa ja sake.
Early signs and symptoms dhyaan rakhne layak hain –
- Swelling (particularly in feet and ankles)
- Frequent urination, especially at night
- Fatigue and weakness
- Loss of appetite or nausea
- Itchy skin
Agar aisi symptoms nazar aayen toh turant doctor se consult karna chaahiye. Timely treatment se kidney failure ko delay ya rok liya ja sakta hai.
Hemodialysis – Process Aur Steps
Hemodialysis dialysis ka sabse common type hai. Isme ek dialysis machine ka use hota hai jo blood ko filter karti hai. Yeh portable machine jaisa dikhti hai jiske saath tubes aur filters lagein rehte hain.
Hemodialysis ke steps ye hain:
- Vascular Access Banana – Sab se pehle ek access point banana zaroori hai jisse blood machine mein aaramse pump hogi. Doctors ek minor surgery karke artery aur vein ka connection banana hai jo “arteriovenous (AV) fistula” kehlaata hai, usually arm mein. Ya fir catheter lagaaya jaata hai badi vein mein.
- Preparation – Patient ko machine se connect kiya jaata hai tubes se. Machine ko patient-specific treatment parameters program kiye jaate hain.
- Dialysis Shuru – Machine patient ka blood access point se lehti hai aur usse tubes ke andar leke jaati hai.
- Filtration – Blood dialyzer (artificial kidney filter) mein jaati hai jahaan hollow fiber membranes hote hain. Ye semipermeable membranes waste, toxins aur excess fluids ko blood se baahar nikal lete hain. Dialysate solution membranes ke dusri aur flow karti rehti hai.
- Monitoring – Medical staff poore procedure mein patient ka close monitoring karti rehti hai. Blood pressure, temperature aur fluid levels check kiye jaate hain aur adjustments bhi ki jaati hain.
- Blood Wapas – Filtered blood fir machine se wapas patient mein pump ki jaati hai access point se.
Yeh poora process lagbhag 3-4 ghante mein complete ho jaata hai. Patients ko typically har hafta 3 sessions lene padte hain.
Table: Hemodialysis Steps at a Glance
| Step | Description |
|---|---|
| 1) Vascular Access | Surgical creation of AV fistula or catheter insertion in vein |
| 2) Preparation | Patient connected to dialysis machine, parameters set |
| 3) Dialysis Initiation | Blood pumped out of body into machine |
| 4) Filtration | Blood filtered by semipermeable membranes in dialyzer |
| 5) Monitoring | Medical staff monitors vitals, makes adjustments |
| 6) Blood Return | Filtered blood returned to body via access point |
